Photo: iStock/klikk

Editor's note: As DPReview celebrates its 25th anniversary, we're revisiting some key moments and trends in digital photography during that time. We invited Jeff Keller, a former DPReview editor and founder of DCResource.com – one of the internet's first sites dedicated to digital cameras – to share his historical perspective on some of the changes.

I've been using and reviewing digital cameras since 1995, which makes me the right person to tell the story of the consumer camera market's boom and bust. I became interested in digital photography thanks to my job at the university bookstore, which eventually became a successful website until 2013, when I jumped to DPReview.

The Casio QV-10A had a fixed 36mm-equivalent F2.8 lens with a macro mode, a simple (and slow) interface, and no memory card slot. Photo: Jeff Keller

The first camera I ever used was the Casio QV-10A, the world's first consumer digital camera, which arrived in 1994. It had a 0.25 megapixel sensor that could take 320 x 240 stills and video, a 1.8" LCD with a terrible refresh rate, a swiveling lens, and a whopping 2MB of storage capacity. Unfortunately, it had no memory card slot; instead, it used a serial cable. Good luck finding one of those in 2024.

The swivel lens design was popular for a while, and I was a bit sad when rotating LCDs replaced it. The most famous camera with this design was the Nikon Coolpix 950 (introduced in 1999), which was one of DPReview's first reviews. In addition to Casio and Nikon, Sony, Minolta, Ricoh, and Kyocera (remember them?) made swivel-lens cameras. Photo: DPReview

Up next for me was the Olympus D-600L, which had an internal 3X zoom lens and a whopping 1.3 megapixel CCD. While it was my personal camera for many years, at this point, my website was launched, and I'd use whatever came through the door.

This is a photo from the Olympus D-600L, slightly cropped. The image quality is cringy, but it was very good in 1997. Shooting data is not available. Photo: Jeff Keller

Cameras were pretty dull for the next few years, though there were some innovative models. Sony made cameras with mini CDs and floppy disks that created a file structure for easy viewing on a computer or TV. To create the CD or floppy, you had to 'finalize' the disc, which made it read-only.

Other fun cameras were the Minolta DiMAGE V, which had a detachable lens, several Kodak models with their own programming language, and, lest we forget, the Canon PowerShot Pro70.

The Pro70 was the first review on this website and a crowd favorite. It had a 1.5MP sensor, internal 28-70mm equiv. F2-2.4 lens, fully articulating LCD, Raw support, and two CompactFlash slots. Sony would bring out its competitor, the Cyber-shot DSC-D700, a beast of a camera with a fast 5X zoom lens, a manual zoom ring, a gigantic 2.5" (fixed) LCD, and a Memory Stick slot.

I could go on about the unique compact cameras over the years that followed, but we already have Throwback Thursday features that cover most of them.

The Megapixel Race

As the early 2000s began, two trends occurred. The first is that camera resolution kept going up and up, even though noise became a tradeoff after a certain point. The second is the overwhelming number of models, which I'll get to in the next section.

Average compact camera resolution over time Visualization: Jeff Keller

You don't need to be a data analyst to see the substantial resolution increase between 2004 and 2010. I can't tell you how many cameras came out with a resolution bump and little else every year – sometimes twice yearly.

The higher resolution made cropping more flexible, but manufacturers were still mostly using very small sensors in compact cameras. Over time, better image processing somewhat compensated for the noise inherent to small sensors, but it couldn't fix the fact that smaller sensors simply captured fewer photos.

Thankfully, there was a selection of cameras that bucked the norm. Sony's RX100 compacts and RX10 super zooms offered larger Type 1 (13.2 x 8.8mm) sensors, which were roughly 4X larger than sensors in other compacts. Canon also launched several models with Type 1 sensors, such as the PowerShot G9 X II.

"You don't need to be a data analyst to see the substantial resolution increase between 2004 and 2010."

Some companies went even larger. Panasonic's LX100 I and II (and their Leica counterparts) used crops of Four Thirds sensors, which allowed for shooting in multiple aspect ratios while still maintaining the field of view. Canon's G1 X Mark I/II siblings used a Type 1.5 sensor (18.7 x 14 mm), and the third iteration jumped to APS-C. Fujifilm's cult favorite, the X100 Series, uses an APS-C-sized sensor, as does the Ricoh GR series.

Are you wondering about the drop at the tail of the chart above? That can be attributed to the minuscule number of new products released – more on that below.

Overflow

If there was one time of year I dreaded during my time running DCResource, it was early January during the Consumer Electronics Show. On January 5th, 2011, fifty-four new cameras were announced. I had to add every one of them to my product database and write a news story. While I enjoyed my job most of the time, that wasn't one of those days, and I'm sure the DPReview team didn't love it either.

The manufacturers were releasing nearly identical models but at slightly different price points. You'd get a basic model, one with a somewhat larger display and another with a slightly longer lens. Case in point:

And there you have it: a camera at every price point. And there were two more models on top of those in the table. (To be fair, Sony wasn't the only company doing this.) You'd rarely see all of these models lined up at Best Buy, but they'd probably have two.

Another twist to the compact camera boom is that many people unknowingly bought cameras made by a completely different company than they thought, especially on the low end of the price spectrum. Let's just say that Sanyo made a lot of cameras for other companies.

Lenses were also sold under different brand names. Phil Askey noted this in his review of the Canon PowerShot G1:

	These three lenses are identical yet carry different brand names. So who made it? In DPReview's Canon PowerShot G2 review, Canon insisted that it did. This same lens also appeared on cameras from Casio and Sony.

The Fall

Apple introduced the iPhone in 2007, and, along with some help from Samsung and other manufacturers, it would change photography forever. However, iPhone sales didn't really take off until around 2012, and, what do you know, that's when the compact camera crash began.

Visualization: Jeff Keller

The number of compact camera introductions in 2016 was one-fifth of what it was the year before. While that meant fewer news stories to write, it was bad news for manufacturers (and digital camera websites). In the years that followed, most cameras were waterproof or enthusiast compacts. The effects of COVID-19 on the supply chain made 2020-2023 extremely quiet, with only one camera arriving in 2022: the Ricoh GR IIIx, which is very much an enthusiast model.

"You don't need to be a data analyst to see the substantial resolution increase between 2004 and 2010."

So, what were people buying instead of compact cameras? DSLR sales were sliding, and mirrorless cameras were becoming more popular, but let's face it: The compact camera buyer was now taking photos with their smartphone.

Data: Gartner, Visualization: Statista

The early years of smartphone photo-centric features were limited, but they were fine for shots of friends or tourist destinations. As the years passed, however, phones got better. Advances in computational photography, including the ability to merge multiple images, resulted in image quality that was good enough to meet most consumers' demands.

I made a living writing about compact cameras, and my PowerShot S95 is in a drawer somewhere. I use my Samsung S24 Ultra for everyday photos. My Panasonic G9 II comes out for travel and 'important' photography only.

Final Thoughts

Where do compact cameras go from here? In my opinion, they don't. I wouldn't be surprised to see waterproof, superzoom, and compacts with larger sensors sticking around, but I think we're mostly done in terms of innovation. As someone who spent two decades writing about point-and-shoot cameras, I'm a little sad, but technology has left compacts in the dust. (Please responsibly recycle your old electronics!)